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5 Sheets-Sheet l.

D. DAVIES. FURGING APPARATUS.

No. 82.093. Patented Sept". 15, 1868.A`

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5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

D. D AVIE S. Pe'ReINe APPARATUS.

No..82.093. Patented Sept. l5, 1868.

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5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

D. DAVIES.

FORGING APPARATUS.

No. Y82,093. Patented Sept. 15, 1868.

5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

D. DAVIES. EORGING APPARATUS.

No. 82,093.I Patented Sept. l5, 1868.

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D. DAVIES. PORGING APPARATUS.

No. 82,093. Patented Sept. 15, 1868.

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DAVID DAVIES, OF GRUMLIN, ENIJrILAND. Lenen Patent No. 82.093, dated Vsapienza 15,1868.

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T0 ALL WHOM IT MAY" CONCERN:

Be it known that I, DAVID DAVIES, of' Grumlin, iu the county of Monmouth, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Hammers andIdo hereby declare that the following is (a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention, secured in England by Letters Patent, dated the 24th of August, 1865, and sealed the 20th of February, 1866,- consists in rendering steam-hammers' capable of delivering blows, not only perpendicularly to the face of the anvil, but also in directions inclined to the face of the anvil, as may be reguired, during the operation of forging, the hammer at the same time being capable of delivering blows with various lengths of stroke and of various degrees of force. l I

I iizrv the steam-cylinder, which is employed in working the hammer, whether by means of an arm or by direct action, inside of and in rm connection with a horizontal cylinder, the two cylinders having their axes at a right angle or at any other angle to each other, or they may have their'a-xes in parallel lines to each other.

The horizontal cylinder is so fitted as to be capable of being turned round on its axis in suitable bearings,

in a vertical plane, andso carry with it the steam-cylinder and hammer, and the hammer is by this means rendered capableof delivering its blows in various directions. i 4

' The horizontal cylinder may be turned round in the bearing-s by various means, whether by levers or other' wise, which means can be placed under the control of the smith or other person using-the hammer.

I place the steam-chest at right angles to the axis of the steam-cylinder, the steam-chest beingr fitted with common cylindrical equilibrium-valves, and I work Vthe valves by an internal link or eccentric-cam, which is actuated byJa stud projecting from the piston-rod.

The internal link is tted with a sliding plate at each end,by m'eans of which I regulate the length of stroke and var-y the force of the blows to suit the size and nature of the forging.

If preferred, water or' compressed air may be used, instead of steam, to actuate the` piston- Where the hammer is worked by an arm, Ifit the socket supporting the arm so that it can be raised or lowered, relative to the centre of the horizontal cylinder by which it is supported,' to suit the various lsizes of fergings. l

I also, where an arm is used, support the bearings on which the horizontal cylinder rests, either on a bed-A plate,'ixed to theiioonor on the piston of a hydraulic ram, or on some other arrangement of machinery by means of/ which the 'horizontal-cylinder can be raised or lowered for thepurpose of varying the vangles i' blows. in relation to the face of the anvil, and the rum or other machinery can be so constructed that the hammei' may be brought to bear on any number of anvils placed at equal distances from the centreround which the hammer turns, l

Having thus set forth the nature and object of. my said invention, I shall endeavor more particularly-Ato describe the same, and in order thereto I sha-ll refer tothe accompanying sheets of drawings, on which the sume letters refer to the same portions on the different figures, thus: l

Figures fl and 8, 4 and 9, show vertical andvhorizontal sections of the apparatus.

Figure 3, front view,.showing the hammer up.

Figure 5,' front view, showing the hammer striking horizontal blows suitable for upsetting.

Figure 6, front vicw, sl1owing the hammer in position to strike atan angle of forty-five degrees.

Figure 7,'Drawing No. 5, showsplan as arranged for four anvils.

Figure 10 shows end view of fig. 8.

Figure 11, Drawing No. 3, elevation with steam-cylinder, shown dotted at an angle of thirtj,T degrees', inclined to the axisrof the horizontal cylinder. I i

Figure 12, plan of same.

Figure 13, part elevation, with steam-cylinder in section, showing mode of striking atan angle t o the face of the anvil. Y Figures 1l and 15 show vertical and transverse sections of a direct-acting hammer.

Figurell, Drawing No. 4, shows enlarged sectional elevation of the internal link.

smoes Figure 18, planoi same.

Fiure. 17, section of same.

A showsia vertical steam-cylinder, (but 'compressed air o'l" Water'rnay be employed to actuete the piston, if thcught preferable to s team,) which cylinder'i of. the kind known. es double-acting, andinsy be cust insider slt a. right or any other angle to the Mr isof vthe horizontal cylinder, ss shown in drawing, which shows the'horizontal cylinder so formed us'to contain withinit-the steam-cylinder, stearnchest', inlet, oiitletyand nll the necessary 'induction and eduction-ports, cast 'in one piece; but thestesm-oylinder maybe suffer-ined by casting 1t separately and placing-it inside the horizontal cylinder, but I prefer the method shown, for simplicity. I

TheQhox-izon-tnl cylinderis so ttc'dthn't 'it can be turned around in its'bearings in a verticalplne .in either direction, and s o carryyith ittho steemwylinder, hamrner, and hammer-erin, for the purpeseoilcansng'- the blows to be struck toredist from the centre o1'- fsce of the anvil, esmay be required during the operation" f'frg1g, 'Y l The stento-cylinder is shown o rivDrawing No. 1,. with itsv a-xis at right :ingles to the exis of the horizontal. cylinder, but this may be altered/if necessary, byplacingtheaxjs of ,th.s`tealncylinder utany other angle to the' sxis of the horizontal cylinder, 'es shown in Drawing No. 3, iig. 11, on which. the steam-cylinder is shown with its axis plsced at an angle' o'iv thirty degrees, inclined to thatof the horizontal cylinder, or itv may be placed Inanullebto the axis of the horizontal cylinder, als shown on Drawin`glNo. 3, iig. 13.

-The horizontal cylinder can be revolvedin its bearings in' either direction for thepurpose 0f vnrying the'. ongle oi'blowslto bejstruck on either the right or left'hzmd of the smith, either by slight chain' v{s stened in a. groove, P, cast in 'a'ange on the horizontal cylinder, Aund connected to the short'e'ndof thelev'er, which'lever is within reach of'the` smith, and is supported bye light pillar standing on the 'gland Bffc'ijthe horizontalv cylinder,- ns show n in Drawing No. 3,'fig. Ell, or, where the'hcrizontsl cylinder is `supported on# hydraulic rain, lit may befturned in its bearings by placing a light chain in the groove, and passing it overezpnlleypr pulleys, `to b'ring it within the reach of the smith, who 'can'vcry the angles by simply dropping thejchnin on, cV stud nenrthennvil, osit will be seen that it'ithe end of the'chain is held by thestnd while the pressnre is turned` under the hydraulic ram, it will cause, the horizontcl cylinder t-o revolve in its beer-ings, sndt the'szirne'time vary thefsngles of blows to be struck; or it inay be revolved by a trendl'eor by n hand-wheehins shown in 3.15, Drawing No. 3, or otherwise by a. seperate cylinderv or -p istoxncr it mcybe evolved by causing the pistonfrod of the steam-cylinder to uctuate n pnwl or ratchet, as shown Drawing No. 2, 5910.'. The piston is of theordinnry construction, and the piston-redis slotted to receive the iluminar-erin,` which' plnys in the s lot, and the two are connected by a. cross-stud or 15in, vGr, secured to thev piston-rocL-the holein Athehammerarm, through which the st ud or pin passes, being elongsted, as: shown by dottedline's in grfd'toygivc the required play. The stud or pin G projects from one side ofthe 'pistonrod into n 'csniforfmd-openingi in the link, to operate the valve, :is shown in tips,l 8 and 9. Butthis mode of connecting the hammer-erin with. the piston may be changed in varousways, as', for instance, in Figures 1, 4, 17, and 19, in which the hammer-erin is connected with the piston by a. jointed link,'which is Afree to .vibrate within n hollow piston-rod calle-dra trunk .It Awill be understood that the inode of connecting the hammer-arm with the pis-ton mcy begreatlyvaried, as it inches no part'of my invention. I l

C, steam-chest, which is shown at right angles to .the exis of the 'stesmcylinden but it' may be placed inv anyother position, ii preferred, s nd is fitted with n. cylindrical valve, D, but any other form of vs-ive may be used, if preferred, and may be 'worked directly, or otherwise, from s .n internal link, ,'which link is ctuet'ed by s stud or-pin, G, projecting from the piston-rod, or the link may be mede to movewith the'pistonfrod; to-give lateral motionl to thestud on thet'valveispindle. F1, steam-inlct5-1l, port lending totop. of pistonli, port leading'tobottom'of piston; F, ezrhnust', which port communicates with thfe'pipel" F. vllhis pipe'is maide'double, by ccstinga. diaphragm, represented in'iigs. 4'nnd 9, in the inside, which Vnmkesit serve the df'iuble'v purpose of a E teanr and exhaust-pipe. I I

I The internnl linl; E'jnnd stu'd G serve toplnke the machine self-acting, bysz controlling'themainvnlve'at the height of. fell of the hammer, a`ud consequent' force 'of 'the blows een be regulnted'to sn'ydegreo of nicety -by the smith crtlicr person usingthe bummelnl The 4chore-mentioried internal li'nl: mede the exact length, corresponding t0. tbe'full length of the strokev "of the piston, plus the clearance at each end'oi the cylinder, for th'epurpose of working the pistoia; tn its fn'll' lengthot' stroke. But it is fitted with a sliding plate, ILut 'each end, which slidng'plntes :rre so-iitt'ed that -theym @moneda-y adjusted to anyrequired' positiompither from' thetopcr bottom ot' the link ,forthe purpose-of sol actuating 4the mainvalve'ns to wol-lt the piston through any frziction ofthe strole,"ei'ther from the top o'r bjfttom of the cylindcrf, v I v I Thcsesliding plntes'H-cnn be nioved'or ndjnstcd toun'y'requiredposition, bythe worm, as shown Brewing Noffl., figs. llnnd 11S, or they can be moved by cuttingtccthineachplnte, to 'allow ngpi'nion to work, 'ther-cin, oir-they Indy be inoved by :my: other means, if preferable tothe modes explained.

The. above-.named sliding'plntcs, by being ,i1-loved np or down, which muy bedcncjcis'llabove described, so nctuate the main valve its 'to admit, suppress, und relensethe st cnm :it any rcqlzircd-1ilrcpticlr gfjthestrokc. The said forni ot' link muy, however, bc mudo solid, thnt is, theslidc'fplntcs muy be dispensed with, if necessary'.

Where tllchanimornu'm is 'supported on a'rno'vcblc or adjustable pivot, l hxthc pivotin'aevrought-iron socket, K, which supports the vherinner-arm, as shown in drawings 1 nn'd, figs. 1, 1l, und 13, and this socket is so fitted tha-t it con beraiscd or lowered, :to'suit' the `v`nricnssizod forgings, by mosns'of thc hcmbwrcncli Kl.

Thus,i'f n, piece of iron, say, i'our inches in'ldinmeter, is-iequiiod to be forged roundwnhd true, without ewiges,- t'he fulcrum ci' -thc hammer-crm must describe n circle of four inches. '.lho' hammer-pivotwould in this case stond two inches nbove'the centro of the horizont-nlcylinder, and would consequently, ii' the horizontel cylinder were rotated, 'describe a. Icirclec'f four inches in diameter on the anvil, s the distnncc of the studpin (on which the hammer hinges) from the centre of the cylind'erwould become the radius of the circle described byI the hammer-faceupon the face of the anvil in all cases, and this distance can be varied at pleasure by the' hand-"wrench Kl, which works on a thread formed on the top of the socket, for the purpose of altering the posi-i tion of the stud relatively to the horizontal cylinder, as before stated.

L is an annular hydraulic ram, which raises and lowers the horizontal oylinderwith its hammer and arm,y for the purpose of striking level blows on any given thickness, and also for varying thefangles of blows tothe face of the ani/il. The top of this ram is so formed as to become the bottom bearing of the horizontal cylinder, and is so fitted that it can be turned around in a horizontal plane, to suit any number of anvils arranged at equal distances from the centre, as shown in Drawings No. 5, fig. Y, arranged for four anvils.

If thought preferable to fixing the horizontal cylinder on the top of a hydraulic ram, orsome other suitable machinery, for the purpose of raising and lowering the steam-cylinder, 'as just described, it may be made as shown in 'Drawing No. 2, gs. 8 and 9, which show the bearing oflthe horizontal( cylinder fitted into n castiron bed-plate, marked M, which is secured to the door of the smitlLy. The horizontal cylinder can in this case be turned around in its bearings by chains,levers, or otherwise, or it can be revolved by causing the piston-rod to actuate a pawl, which works into ratchet-teeth cast on the gland of the horizontal cylinder, as shown in Drawing No. 2, g. 10. f v

Nl is an inclined slot formed in the piston-rod,'i`or the purpose of giving lateral motion to the slide-block which carries the pawls. '.Lhese pawls work in the ratchet-teeth N, formed in the gland Bl of the horizontal cylinder, and so cause the horizontal cylinder t o revolve to any desired angle. Then the pawls are=disengaged from the ratchet-teeth by hand, and, as the hammer in this case is only capable of varying its blows on either the right or left hand of the smith from a vertical line, and as it will bo often necessary to strike blows at any angle from a horizontal line, the face of the anvil-block may be m'ade with bevclled divisions, as shown-in figs. 11 and 12, which anvil-block can be moved laterally, by a screw or otherwise, so as to bring the required bevel directly under the hammer-face, thereby rendering the hammer capable of striking blows at'given'angles from a horizontal line; or the anvil may be so fitted that it can be tirrnedvaround on its centre in a horizontal plane, so as to bring any' required'swage-hole directly underthe hammer-face. The horizontal cylinder may in this case be so tted in its bed-plate that it can be turned around in a horizontal plane, to suit any number of anvils placed at equal distances around the centre, as shown in Drawing No. 5, iig. 7.

L is the hydraulic cylinder, which is made annular, for the purpose of allowing the steam-pipe Fl to pass through. The steam-pipe is in this case iitted with a gland and stuiring-box, to permit the steam-pipe to be raised and lowered with the steam-cylinder; or, in other words, the steam-pipe is made telescopic inside the annular space of the hydraulic cylinder, as shown in Drawing No. 1, fig. 1; or the ram may pass through the bottom of the cylinder, to receive the steam-pipe which con'nects the steam-chest with any suitable boiler. This steam-pipe has a branch-pipe, El, provided with an admission-valve, C', for the purpose of putting the hammer in action, which valve I place near the anvil, for the purpose of being actuated by the smiths foot, as `shown in Drawing No. 2, figs. 8 and 9. r

Where the hammer is arranged for any number of an\'ifls,-I place'a foot-valve near cach anvil, as shown in plan for four anvils, fig. 7.` The hammer may be moved from one anvil to the other, either by hand or by a separate cylinder or piston, or by any other separate machinery.

The above arrangements are also applicable to working a direct-acting hammer, as shown in'Drawing No.' 3, gs. 14 and 15, in which it will be seen that thesteam-cylinderA is cast inside, at a right angle to the axis of the horizontal cylinder B, and the steam-chestC is at right angles to the axis of the 'steam-cylinder, and is fitted with an equilibrium-valve, D, which is worked direct by an internal link, actuated as before described.

It will be seen that this hammer can be moved to any desired angle, from a vertical to ahorizontal line, by either of the modes ex plaincd for revolving the cylinder of a pivot-hammer, 6r it can be revolved by a hand wheel, I, which gives motion to a pinion working into teeth cast on the horizontal cylinder, as shown, or it may be otherwise revolved by a separate hydraulic or steam-cylinder.

Having now fully described and illustrated my said inv'ention, together with the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into practical eifect, I wish it to be understood that'I do not confine myself to the precise forms, dimensions, or relative proportions hereinbefore mentioned or referred to, as they may be considerably varied without departing from the principle ot' my invention; neither do I claim the use ofthe equilibriumvalve; but

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The steaniscylindcr and piston, connected with the hammer-arm, so as to` operate the same, in combination with the horizontal cylinder, arranged so that it can be turned, and in which the steam-'cylinderis mounted, substantially as described, so that the direction of the blows, relatively to the faceofthe anvil, can be'changed.

2. The stenin-cylinder and piston, connected with the hammer-arm, so as to operate the same, and mounted in the horizontal cylinder, arranged so that it can be turned, to change the direction of the blows, relatively to the face oi' the anvil, substantially as described, in combination with the hydraulic ram, for raising and lowering the same, to adapt it to articles of various thicknesses or height, substantially as described.

3. Connecting the horizontal cylinder with its base, so that it can be turned in a horizontal plane, in combination with the steam-cylinder and piston connected with the hammer, substantially as and for the purpose described. i

DAVID DAVIES.

Witnesses:

Tiros. H. Prim, Jeux V. Kxnrr. 

